Atmospheric impacts18 months on from Tonga's volcanic eruption.

18 months on since the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai volcanic eruption, the global surface temperature is +0.13°c above January 2022. Compared to the largest eruptions of the last 2 centuries, the global temperature trend initially had a similar look to the Krakatoa eruption of 1883. But has since taken a similar look to the Alaskan Novarupta eruption from June 1912.

Water vapour from the 15 Jan 2022 Tongan eruption still remains trapped in the stratosphere.